- Every DG container needs a Container Packing Certificate (CPC) – signed by the certified packing inspector, not just the shipper.
- Segregation is distance-based: "away from" vs "separated from" set different minimums; most incidents come from treating them as the same.
- PPE must match the class: Class 8 corrosives and Class 6.1 toxics need different protection than Class 3 flammables – one kit does not fit all.
In this guide
If you are an exporter, warehouse operator, or logistics manager moving dangerous goods by sea, the single most important question is not whether you comply with regulations – it is how you translate those rules into daily loading, segregation, and personal protection decisions that keep your cargo, your crew, and your business out of trouble.
This page gives you a straight answer: a practical, class-by-class breakdown of handling dangerous goods procedures, segregation requirements, PPE selection, and a loading/unloading checklist you can adapt to your own operations. We also cover what to do when something goes wrong – because even the best plan needs a spill response that works.
By the end of this article, you will know:
- Which IMDG Code amendments are mandatory from January 2026 and how they affect your dangerous goods storage and handling [source: gac.com].
- How to segregate incompatible classes using the general segregation table [source: oocl.com].
- What PPE each class typically requires, and where local rules – such as those for dangerous goods handling in Dubai – add extra layers of approval and documentation [source: hapag-lloyd.com].
- A loading/unloading checklist that catches the most common failures before they become incidents.
The bottom line: safe handling of dangerous goods is not a single procedure – it is a system of classification, segregation, PPE, and emergency planning. Get any one part wrong, and the rest cannot compensate. This article walks you through each part in the order you need to apply it.
Hazard Class Breakdown: Handling Procedures, PPE, and Segregation Rules
| IMDG Class | Hazard Category | Typical Handling Procedure | Minimum PPE (General) | Segregation Priority |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 | Explosives | Use watertight packaging; avoid static-generating plastics; never throw or drop; keep away from reactive cargo | Flame-resistant coveralls, anti-static footwear, face shield, hearing protection | Must be segregated from almost all other classes; specific compatibility groups apply |
| Class 2.1 | Flammable Gases | Store in well-ventilated, temperature-controlled areas; secure cylinders; use leak detectors | Fire-retardant clothing, safety goggles, gloves (nitrile or neoprene) | “Away from” Class 3, 4, 5, 8 |
| Class 2.2 | Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gases | Ensure ventilation; secure cylinders tightly; never use damaged containers | Safety glasses, gloves, steel-toe boots | Generally “Separated from” Class 1, 3, 4 |
| Class 2.3 | Toxic Gases | Use leak detectors; train staff in emergency response; avoid inhalation exposure | Full-face respirator (cartridge type per gas), chemical-resistant suit, gloves | “Separated from” most classes; strict with Class 8 |
| Class 3 | Flammable Liquids | Use approved tanks/packaging; keep spill management equipment nearby; control ignition sources | Chemical-resistant apron, safety goggles, gloves (solvent-resistant) | “Away from” Class 1, 2.1, 4, 5, 7 |
| Class 4.1 | Flammable Solids | Store in cool, dry area; avoid heat and friction; use non-sparking tools | Flame-resistant clothing, safety glasses, gloves | “Separated from” Class 1, 2.1, 5 |
| Class 4.2 | Spontaneously Combustible | Store under inert gas or liquid; monitor temperature; avoid exposure to air | Heat-resistant gloves, face shield, fire-retardant suit | “Separated from” Class 1, 3, 4.1, 5 |
| Class 4.3 | Dangerous When Wet | Keep in watertight packaging; store away from water sources; use dry area | Chemical-resistant suit, gloves, boots | “Separated by a complete compartment” from Class 1, 3, 4.1 |
| Class 5.1 | Oxidizers | Separate from combustible materials; avoid heat and contamination | Chemical-resistant apron, gloves, safety goggles | “Separated from” Class 1, 2.1, 3, 4 |
| Class 5.2 | Organic Peroxides | Temperature-controlled storage; avoid friction and contamination | Fire-retardant suit, face shield, insulated gloves | “Separated from” Class 1, 2.1, 3, 4, 8 |
| Class 6.1 | Toxic Substances | Use closed handling systems; decontaminate after handling | Full-face respirator, chemical-resistant suit, double gloves | “Separated from” Class 1, 2.3, 3, 4.1 |
| Class 6.2 | Infectious Substances | Use leak-proof primary packaging; secondary packaging with absorbent material | Biological suit, N95 or higher respirator, double gloves | Must be separated from all other classes |
| Class 7 | Radioactive Material | Use shielding; monitor radiation levels; limit exposure time | Lead apron, dosimeter, gloves, safety glasses | “Separated from” Class 1, 2.1, 3, 4, 5, 8 |
| Class 8 | Corrosives | Use corrosion-resistant packaging; keep spill kits nearby; separate acids from alkalis | Acid-resistant apron, face shield, gloves (butyl or neoprene) | “Separated from” Class 1, 2.1, 3, 4.1, 7 |
| Class 9 | Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods | Follow specific handling instructions per UN number; often less restrictive | Safety glasses, gloves, steel-toe boots | Generally no segregation required |
The IMDG Code divides dangerous goods into nine classes, and several classes are further split into divisions. For dangerous goods packaging and handling, the class determines the packing group, the packaging specifications, the label set, and the segregation rules. The table below summarizes the key handling procedure, typical minimum PPE, and segregation priority for each class. It is not a substitute for the Dangerous Goods List (Column 16b of the IMDG Code), but it gives you a working baseline for daily operations.
The segregation rules in the table above reflect the general requirements of the IMDG Code. However, you must always check the Dangerous Goods List (Column 16b) for any special segregation provisions that override the general table. For example, certain substances within the same class may have conflicting subsidiary hazards that impose stricter segregation. Similarly, acids and alkalis within Class 8 must be segregated from each other under IMDG 7.2.6.5. For dangerous goods storage and handling in a warehouse, the same segregation principles apply: incompatible classes must be kept apart by distance, fire-resistant barriers, or separate rooms. For Limited Quantities (LQ) and Excepted Quantities (EQ), no segregation is required between LQ/EQ packages and other dangerous goods. However, this exception does not apply to all classes – you must verify the specific provisions for your shipment.
PPE selection is not a one-size-fits-all decision. The table above gives the typical minimum for general handling, but the actual PPE must be determined by a documented hazard assessment under OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132. The glove material, for instance, must be matched to the specific chemical: nitrile for oils and solvents, neoprene for acids, butyl for ketones, and silver shield for highly toxic or corrosive substances. For respiratory protection, you must follow OSHA 1910.134, which requires fit testing and correct cartridge selection. In many ports and free zones, including those handling dangerous goods handling in Dubai, local authorities may require additional PPE or specific training certifications beyond the IMDG Code minimum【source: www.greathensen.com】. Always confirm with your freight forwarder or logistics provider what the local port or terminal mandates.
Loading and Unloading Checklist: 10 Steps That Prevent Incidents
A loading or unloading operation for dangerous goods is not a routine task – it is a high-risk sequence of events where one missed step can lead to a fire, a toxic release, or a cargo rejection at the port. This section provides a 10-step checklist that covers the critical controls for handling dangerous goods during transfer. The checklist is based on the IMDG Code, ADR (for road transport), and OSHA standards, and it applies equally to containers, vehicles, and portable tanks.
Pre-Loading: The Foundation of a Safe Load
Step 1 – Verify Documentation and Authorization
Before any package or container is moved, confirm that the full set of transport documents is complete and accurate. This includes the Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD), the Container Packing Certificate (CPC) or Vehicle Package Certificate (VPG), the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for each substance, and any permits or authorisations required by the competent authority. The SDS must show the UN number in section 14, and the Dangerous Goods List in chapter 3.2 of the IMDG Code tells you which specific rules apply to that UN number. Do not load any dangerous goods without these documents – the IMDG Code explicitly prohibits loading without appropriate documentation.
For operations involving dangerous goods handling in Dubai, additional documentation is often required. The Jebel Ali port, for example, commonly requires a SIRA Approval (if applicable), a valid Trade License for the consignee, a Storage Permit, and a UN Packing Certificate. Confirm these local requirements with your freight forwarder before the cargo arrives at the terminal【source: www.greathensen.com】.
Step 2 – Inspect the Transport Unit
The vehicle, container, or tank must be in a fit and suitable condition to receive the load. Check the floor for protruding nails or sharp edges that could damage packaging. For tankers, examine the tank for dents, corrosion, or leaks, and verify that the tank is free from residues of previous loads that could react with the new cargo or contaminate it. If the transport unit has previously carried dangerous goods, confirm that it has been thoroughly cleaned and is free of any combustible debris (straw, hay, paper, etc.). Also verify that all seals and gaskets are in good condition.
Step 3 – Inspect All Packages and Packaging
Every package must be inspected externally for damage before loading. Only intact, leak-proof packages may be loaded. Damaged packaging – especially if it is not leak-proof – must not be handed over to the carrier. For cylinders, check that they are not thrown or subject to impact, and that they are stowed so they cannot overturn or fall. For all packages, verify that the markings, labels, and placards are correct, highly visible, and resistant. This includes the UN number, proper shipping name, hazard class labels, and any handling warnings.
Step 4 – Verify Segregation and Stowage Plan
Before loading begins, confirm that the segregation rules in chapter 7 of the IMDG Code have been applied to your stowage plan. Use the general segregation table from the previous section as a starting point, but always check column 16b of the Dangerous Goods List for any special provisions that override the general rules. If the segregation rules indicate that an exemption for combined loading in a single transport unit is possible, you must apply for this exemption from the competent authorities before loading. Also confirm that the load will be placed as close as possible to the door of the transport unit for accessibility.
Step 5 – Conduct a Pre-Loading Safety Briefing
All personnel involved in the loading operation must be briefed on the specific hazards of the cargo, the correct PPE to wear, the emergency response procedures, and their individual roles and responsibilities. This is not a formality – it is a legal requirement under OSHA's Hazard Communication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) and the IMDG Code's training requirements (section 1.3). Confirm that everyone has the correct PPE for the specific class and substance being loaded, and that any specialised equipment (respirators, chemical suits, grounding cables) is available and in working order.
Loading: Execution with Controls
Step 6 – Grounding, Bonding, and Ignition Control
For flammable or combustible materials (Class 2.1, Class 3, and many Class 4 substances), static electricity is a primary ignition source. Before loading begins, ground the transport unit by attaching a grounding cable from the trailer or container to a verified ground point. Use a bonding wire to connect the transport unit to the loading rack or to the tanker being filled, to eliminate any difference in electrical charge between the two. Smoking is prohibited by law during the loading, transhipment, and unloading of dangerous goods. Also confirm that all tools and equipment used in the loading area are non-sparking and that the area is clear of any open flames or other ignition sources.
Step 7 – Load in the Correct Sequence
Load dangerous goods in accordance with the stowage plan and the segregation rules. For mixed loads, load the most hazardous or most reactive goods last (closest to the door), so they are accessible in an emergency. Place packages so that labels and markings remain visible. Secure all packages with appropriate dunnage, bracing, or lashing to prevent shifting during transport. For cylinders, follow the specific stowage provisions: cylinders should be laid parallel to or at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle or container, and laid-flat cylinders must be securely wedged or attached so they cannot shift. Do not use readily flammable materials (straw, hay, paper, etc.) for stowing packages.
Step 8 – Complete the Container/Vehicle Package Certificate
After loading is complete, the loader must provide each transport unit containing dangerous goods with a signed Container Packing Certificate (CPC) or Vehicle Package Certificate (VPG). This certificate confirms that the cargo has been properly packed, secured, and labelled in accordance with the IMDG Code. The requirements for the CPC or VPG are specified in chapter 5.4.2 of the IMDG Code. For tanks, a CPC is not required, but the tank must be properly placarded and documented.
Unloading: The Mirror Image of Loading
Step 9 – Inspect During and After Unloading
The unloader must ascertain that the correct dangerous goods are being unloaded by checking the transport document and the information on the packaging or container. During unloading, continuously check packages, tanks, and containers for any signs of damage that may have occurred during transit. If any packaging is damaged or leaking, stop the unloading operation immediately and do not proceed until appropriate measures have been taken. Remove all employees from the affected area until the specific hazards have been identified and controlled.
Step 10 – Decontaminate and Remove Labels
After unloading is complete, remove any dangerous residues that adhere to the outside of the tank, vehicle, or container. Arrange for the cleaning and decontamination of the vehicles or containers. Critically, make sure containers once unloaded no longer display hazard labels or markings. Leaving hazard placards on an empty container can mislead emergency responders and create a serious safety risk at the port or warehouse. This step is often overlooked, but it is a non-negotiable requirement under both the IMDG Code and ADR.
Special Considerations for Dangerous Goods Handling in Dubai
Missing or incorrect documentation is enforced at the port level and can result in cargo holds, demurrage charges, or refusal of entry.【source: www.greathensen.com】
The 10-step checklist above is a practical framework for how to handle dangerous goods during loading and unloading. It is not exhaustive – you must always consult the specific provisions for your UN number, your mode of transport, and your port of loading or discharge. But if you follow these steps, you will catch the majority of common failures before they become incidents. For a detailed review of the stowage and securing provisions, the IMO's CTU Code (Cargo Transport Units) provides additional guidance on properly securing cargo in containers and trailers.
rgency Response, Segregation Verification, and Ventilation: Answers to Common Questions
A:
Stop the unloading operation immediately. Do not allow anyone to approach the leak without the correct PPE for that specific hazard class. Evacuate all non-essential personnel from the affected area. Identify the substance using the UN number and the Safety Data Sheet (SDS). If the leak is small and contained within the packaging, use the appropriate spill kit – absorbent pads for liquids, neutralising agents for acids or alkalis, or a containment bag for solids. For larger leaks or if there is any risk of fire or toxic release, activate the facility's emergency response plan and call the local fire brigade. Document the incident and notify the competent authority as required by local regulations. For dangerous goods storage and handling in a warehouse, it is critical to have spill response stations located at every loading bay and aisle intersection, with clear instructions tailored to each hazard class present on site【source: osha.gov】.
A:
You cannot "verify" an exemption – you must apply the segregation rules as they are written. The general segregation table in IMDG Code chapter 7.2 provides three levels: "Away from", "Separated from", and "Separated by a complete compartment from". If the table says "Separated by a complete compartment", then no amount of distance or barrier other than a full fire-resistant bulkhead is acceptable. If the table allows "Away from", you must maintain a minimum horizontal distance of 3 metres (or as specified in the Dangerous Goods List) between the two classes. For how to handle dangerous goods in mixed storage, the only safe approach is to first check column 16b of the Dangerous Goods List for your specific UN numbers – some substances have special provisions that override the general table. Do not rely on judgement or past practice; the IMDG Code is updated every two years, and the 2026 amendment (which took effect on 1 January 2026) has revised several special provisions, including those for Class 5.2 organic peroxides and certain Class 4.3 substances【source: imo.org】. For warehouses in Dubai, the Dubai Civil Defence also enforces additional storage distance requirements that may be stricter than the IMDG Code – always confirm with the local authority or your logistics partner【source: www.greathensen.com】.
A:
There is no single universal ventilation rate because it depends on the hazard class, the specific substance, and the quantity stored. However, the general principle is that the ventilation must be sufficient to maintain airborne concentrations of flammable or toxic vapours below 25% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and below the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for occupational exposure. For Class 2.1 (flammable gases) and Class 3 (flammable liquids), mechanical ventilation with explosion-proof fans is typically required, and the system must provide at least 6 air changes per hour for enclosed storage areas. For toxic gases (Class 2.3) and toxic liquids (Class 6.1), a higher rate – often 10 to 12 air changes – is recommended, and the exhaust must be discharged to a safe location away from air intakes. Warehouse operators must conduct a documented risk assessment to determine the specific ventilation design for their storage configuration. In many jurisdictions, including Dubai, the local civil defence authority specifies minimum ventilation standards for warehouses that store dangerous goods; these are often stricter than the IMDG Code and require periodic inspections and certifications【source: osha.gov】.
A:
No – not without a documented hazard assessment for each class. The glove material, respirator cartridge, and suit fabric must be selected based on the specific chemical resistance required. For example, nitrile gloves provide excellent protection against oils and solvents (Class 3) but degrade rapidly when exposed to strong acids (Class 8). Neoprene gloves are better for acids but do not resist ketones. For Class 5.1 (oxidizers), you need PPE that is flame-retardant and free from combustibles. For Class 6.2 (infectious substances), you need a biological suit with sealed seams. The only way to use a single set of PPE for multiple classes is if the hazard assessment confirms that the same materials are effective against all substances handled – which is rare. In practice, most operations maintain a range of PPE options and assign them by the hazard class of the cargo. For dangerous goods packaging and handling, the IMDG Code does not prescribe specific PPE, but OSHA 1910.132 mandates that the employer select and require the use of appropriate PPE based on a written hazard assessment. Always keep separate PPE for different classes to avoid cross-contamination.
A:
The top three mistakes are: (1) Treating "Away from" as a casual guideline rather than a minimum 3-metre distance, which is often ignored when space is tight. (2) Overlooking subsidiary risks – for instance, a Class 3 substance that is also toxic (subsidiary Class 6.1) must be segregated from both Class 1 and Class 7, but operators sometimes only check the primary class. (3) Mixing acids and alkalis within Class 8 – IMDG 7.2.6.5 specifically requires that "acids shall be kept apart from alkalis even when both fall under Class 8". This is frequently missed because both carry the same primary label. To avoid these, always create a segregation matrix before loading or storage, and cross-check every UN number against column 16b. For dangerous goods handling in Dubai, terminal operators are increasingly requiring a signed segregation plan as part of the documentation package – without it, they may refuse to accept the container【source: www.greathensen.com】.
A:
This is one of the most dangerous situations because adding water – even from a fire extinguisher or a conventional spill kit – can intensify the reaction. The correct procedure is to use dry absorbent materials such as sand, clay, or vermiculite. Never use water, foam, or CO2 extinguishers unless the specific substance is known to be compatible. Cover the spill with a large quantity of dry absorbent, and then carefully transfer the absorbed material into a compatible, dry, sealable container. Do not sweep or create dust. Evacuate all personnel and make sure the area is well-ventilated to disperse any flammable gases (such as hydrogen) that may be generated. The SDS for the substance will have specific fire-fighting and spill-handling instructions – these are mandatory to follow. For Class 4.3, the packaging must be watertight, but if a leak occurs during handling, the immediate priority is to keep the material away from any moisture source.
A:
For any dangerous goods entering or transiting through Jebel Ali Port, you must provide the standard IMDG documentation (DGD, CPC, MSDS) plus additional approvals from the Dubai Civil Defence and the Security Industry Regulatory Agency (SIRA). Specifically: (1) A SIRA Approval is required for all hazardous materials listed in the Dubai Dangerous Goods Regulations, which covers most IMDG classes. (2) A valid Storage Permit is required if the cargo will be stored in any warehouse within the port or free zone. (3) The Trade License of the consignee must be registered with the port authority. (4) The MSDS must be the latest revision (2024 or later) and include the manufacturer's full contact details. Missing any of these documents will result in the cargo being held at the port, often with demurrage charges accruing daily. For frequent shippers, we recommend engaging a local logistics partner such as Great Hensen International Logistics, who can pre-clear the approvals before the vessel arrives【source: www.greathensen.com】.
A:
The IMDG Code does not mandate a specific frequency, but OSHA's Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) standard (29 CFR 1910.120) requires that employees who are expected to respond to emergencies receive annual refresher training, and that drills are conducted at least once per year for the emergency response plan. In practice, most ports and large warehouses conduct quarterly drills because the turnover of personnel and the variety of cargo classes demand more frequent practice. For how to handle dangerous goods effectively, drills should include a tabletop exercise (discussion-based) and a practical exercise (hands-on with spill kits, PPE donning, and evacuation procedures). For facilities that handle Class 2.3 or Class 6.2, semi-annual drills are advisable due to the higher severity of potential incidents.
A:
The IMDG Code segregation requirements apply equally to both transport and storage, but the enforcement and practical implementation differ. In a container, the cargo is enclosed, and the segregation distance is measured within the container – you may need to separate incompatible classes by placing a barrier or using separate packages with distance. In a warehouse, the space is larger, and you can achieve segregation by using separate storage bays, fire-rated walls, or dedicated rooms. The key difference is that warehouses are subject to local fire codes and civil defence regulations, which may impose additional separation distances beyond the IMDG Code. For example, in Dubai, warehouses storing Class 3 and Class 5.1 in the same building must have a fire-rated wall with a minimum 2-hour rating, even if the IMDG Code only requires "Separated from". Always consult the local authority's requirements for dangerous goods storage and handling in your specific jurisdiction.
A:
Containers used for dangerous goods are generally not ventilated during sea transport – they are sealed to prevent water ingress and to contain any leaks. The IMDG Code prohibits the use of ventilation openings on containers carrying dangerous goods unless specifically allowed in the Dangerous Goods List. For most classes, the packaging itself must provide sufficient containment and venting (e.g., breather vents for certain organic peroxides). During stuffing (loading) and stripping (unloading) at the port, the container should be opened in a well-ventilated area, and the warehouse or terminal must provide local exhaust ventilation if toxic or flammable gases may be released. For dangerous goods handling in Dubai, terminal operators often require that containers be opened under canopy with explosion-proof fans, especially for Class 3 and Class 5.2 cargoes. Always check the specific ventilation provisions for your UN number – they are listed in the Dangerous Goods List under "Ventilation" requirements.
A:
Organic peroxides are thermally unstable and require temperature-controlled storage. The SDS and the Dangerous Goods List will specify a "control temperature" and an "emergency temperature". The control temperature is the maximum temperature at which the substance can be safely stored, and the emergency temperature is the threshold at which you must take immediate action (e.g., evacuate, apply cooling, or initiate emergency response). For many organic peroxides, the control temperature is between +10°C and +30°C, depending on the specific formulation. Refrigerated storage units must be equipped with alarms that activate when the temperature approaches the control temperature. In hot climates such as Dubai, where ambient temperatures can exceed 40°C, it is common to use insulated containers with active cooling, and the port authority may require temperature logs to be submitted with the shipping documents. The 2026 IMDG amendment has introduced new temperature-monitoring requirements for certain organic peroxide types – verify your UN number against the latest provisions【source: imo.org】.
A:
The selection of a fire suppression system depends on the classes stored. For flammable liquids (Class 3) and flammable solids (Class 4.1), foam systems are effective, but they must be alcohol-resistant for polar solvents. For oxidizers (Class 5.1), water spray is often preferred, but you must avoid water-reactive substances (Class 4.3) in the same area. For gases (Class 2), gas detection and inert gas flooding are sometimes used, but they are expensive. In practice, most warehouses opt for a combination of automatic sprinklers (wet or dry) with a manual foam system for high-risk areas. The key is to zone the warehouse so that incompatible classes are separated not only by distance but also by fire-rated compartments, allowing different suppression methods to be used in each zone. Always consult the local fire code – in Dubai, the Civil Defence has a specific chapter on fire protection for hazardous goods storage, which mandates quick-response sprinklers and a minimum water supply duration of 90 minutes for certain classes. Your local fire risk assessment must be reviewed and approved by the authority before you begin storage operations【source: osha.gov】.
A:
Training must be a combination of classroom theory and practical identification exercises. Start with the IMDG Code's classification system – each class has a distinct diamond-shaped label with a specific colour and symbol. Provide physical examples or high-quality images of the labels for all classes. Then, teach the handling instructions that correspond to each class – for example, Class 4.2 (spontaneously combustible) must never be exposed to air, while Class 5.2 (organic peroxides) require temperature control. The training should also cover the meaning of the packing group (I, II, III) and how it affects packaging and segregation. Annual refresher training is mandatory under the IMDG Code (section 1.3), and we recommend quarterly spot checks where staff are asked to identify a label and state the key handling rule from memory. For dangerous goods packaging and handling, practical hands-on sessions with proper PPE donning, spill kit usage, and reading of SDS sheets are essential. In Dubai, the port authority often requires evidence of training records for all personnel involved in dangerous goods handling, so maintain a detailed log of each employee's training history【source: www.greathensen.com】.
A:
Under no circumstances should you unload or handle that container until the labels are corrected. The IMDG Code requires that all labels be durable, highly visible, and resistant to the effects of weather and seawater. Faded or missing labels are a violation of the transport regulations, and the container may be detained by the port authority. The correct procedure is to immediately contact the shipping line and the consignor to obtain replacement labels. In the meantime, the container should be isolated in a designated holding area away from other cargo until the labelling is rectified. Do not attempt to guess the correct label based on the UN number alone – you must have the full documentation to confirm the class and subsidiary risks. For handling of dangerous goods in a port environment, many ter
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